@article{RUANGCHAI_TONGSRI_PEARCE_CHAIRUANGSRI_WIENGMOON_2021, place={Bangkok, Thailand}, title={Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and hardness in the 28 wt% Cr cast iron with Mo/W addition }, volume={31}, url={https://jmmm.material.chula.ac.th/index.php/jmmm/article/view/1059}, DOI={10.55713/jmmm.v31i2.1059}, abstractNote={<p class="western" align="left"><span style="font-family: Calibri, serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">In this study, the effects of annealing on the hardness and microstructure of 28 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Cr</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">2</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">6 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">%</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C iron with 1</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">4 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Mo</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">/</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">1 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">W addition</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">have been investigated</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">The as</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">cast samples were</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> heated</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">to 800℃ and held for 4 h</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">followed by slow cooled with a cooling rate of 20℃</span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol, serif;"><span lang="en-US"></span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">h</span></span><sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-1</span></span></sup><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> to 500℃</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Microstructures were characterized by </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">X-ray diffractometry</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">,</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Vickers macro</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">hardness and micro</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">hardness </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">were measured</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">It was found that the as</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">cast microstructure in the hypoeutectic 28 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Cr iron</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">without Mo or W addition</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">consisted of primary austenite dendrite, eutectic M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">7</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">3 </span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">carbide</span></span> <span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">and martensite</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">In the iron with 1</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">4 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Mo addition, multiple eutectic carbides of M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">7</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">3</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">23</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">6</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> and </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">6</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C were observed</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. In contrast the addition of 1 wt% W </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">changed the structure to</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> hypereutectic </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">containing primary M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">7</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">3</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">eutectic M</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">7</span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">C</span></span><sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">3 </span></span></sub><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">and martensite</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">After the annealing heat treatment, ferrite</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> +</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">secondary carbides and some</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> pearlite were present in the irons, due to decomposition of austenite during annealing</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">The macro</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">hardness in the as</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">cast condition of the iron without alloying and the irons with 1</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">.</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">4 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Mo</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">/ </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">1 wt</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">% </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">W</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US"> addition were </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">506, 529, and 576 HV30</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, respectively</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">Annealing heat treatment reduced the macro</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">-</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">hardness to about </span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">390, 463, and 428 HV30</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">, respectively</span></span><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, serif;"><span lang="en-US">. </span></span></span></span></p>}, number={2}, journal={Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals}, author={RUANGCHAI, Kittikhun and TONGSRI, Ruangdaj and PEARCE, John Thomas Harry and CHAIRUANGSRI, Torranin and WIENGMOON, Amporn}, year={2021}, month={Jun.}, pages={89–95} }