@article{Leelaruedee_Visuttipitukul_Yongvanich_2015, place={Bangkok, Thailand}, title={Effect of heating rate on morphology of anti-reflective TiO<sub>2</sub> film coated by sol-gel with polyethylene glycol}, volume={25}, url={https://jmmm.material.chula.ac.th/index.php/jmmm/article/view/132}, abstractNote={&lt;p&gt;This research studies formation of thin porous TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; film prepared by Sol-gel process with spin coating. Polyethylene glycol with molecular weight of 6,000 g/mol (6kPEG) was used as a pore generating agent. The TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; film was calcination at 450°C for 1 hour with different heating rate.  It was found that heating rate strongly affects on morphology of TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; film due to grain coalescence.  The lower heating rate tends to cause more coalescence resulting in coarsening of both grain and pore size.  With higher heating rate, film density can be increased due to lower number of pores.  On the other hand, for dense TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; film without Polyethylene glycol (noPEG), heating rate does not affect on film morphology.&lt;/p&gt;}, number={1}, journal={Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals}, author={Leelaruedee, Kumpol and Visuttipitukul, Patama and Yongvanich, Niti}, year={2015}, month={Jul.} }