@article{Whangdee_Nilmoung_Pangpaiboon_Pongkao Kashima_2019, place={Bangkok, Thailand}, title={Effect of ethanol on hydrophilicity of the anodized films performed by two-step anodization at low current density}, volume={29}, url={https://jmmm.material.chula.ac.th/index.php/jmmm/article/view/485}, abstractNote={Dental implants are usually made from commercially pure titanium or its alloys. The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of the ethanol addition in 1 M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> as an electrolyte on hydrophilicity of the anodized films. Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates were modified using two-step anodization at a low current density of 2 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> in 1 M H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> with addition of used as an electrolyte. Surface oxide properties were characterized by using various surface analytic techniques, including Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurement. The non-treated Ti-6Al-4V and the anodized films formed by one-step anodization were used as control samples. A significant increase in hydrophilicity (p<0.05) was observed on the anodized films formed in H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> with addition of 80% V/V ethanol via two-step anodization due to the formation of rough surface, hydroxyl groups (OH<sup>-</sup>) and adsorbed molecular water (H<sub>2</sub>O). The enhanced hydrophilicity could be explained by both the surface chemistry and surface topography of the anodized films.}, number={3}, journal={Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals}, author={Whangdee, Phanawan and Nilmoung, Sukanya and Pangpaiboon, Nampueng and Pongkao Kashima, Dujreutai}, year={2019}, month={Sep.} }