Effect of Copper Content on the Hot Ductility Loss of Low Carbon Steels
Keywords:
hot ductility, γ → α transformation, film of proeutectoid ferrite, austenite grain boundaries, AlN precipitation, embrittlementAbstract
The hot ductility of low carbon steels with various Cu-content (0.04 %, 0.38 % and 0.63 %) was investigated at elevated temperatures ranging from 700°C to 900°C (temperature range of the γ → α transformation), at a low strain rate (~10-3.s-1) by torsion testing in an Argon protective atmosphere. The highest hot ductility loss of analysed steels in the temperature range below the γ → α transformation temperature Ar3 is, predominately, caused by formation of proeutectoid ferrite along the austenite grain boundaries. The strain is localised in the proeutectoid ferrite film, which results in crack formation and the micro-void coalescence in proeutectoid ferrite at the γ - α interface. The higher ductility loss in the wider temperature region for the low Cu - content steel, if compared to the other analysed steels is a result of the embrittlement effect of combination of the ferrite film formation along the austenite grain boundaries and the AlN precipitation in the steel matrix and on the austenite grain boundaries.
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