Optimization and characterization of carrageenan/alginate ratio and seaweed waste to develop composite bioplastics from Kappaphycus alvarezii
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v35i3.2236Keywords:
alginate, bioplastics, biopolymer, carrageenan, composites, K. alvareziiAbstract
Carrageenan and alginate, derived from seaweed, offer potential as alternatives to traditional plastics. This study aims to assess the properties of biodegradable bioplastics made from a composite of carrageenan, alginate, and waste from K. alvarezii seaweed carrageenan extraction. A mixture of carrageenan and alginate was added with a ratio of 4:6 and K. alvarezii extraction waste 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 % waste concentration, in the carrageenan-alginate-waste mixture. The process involves blending carrageenan, alginate, waste, glycerol, and distilled water until uniform at 90o C and 1000 rpm for 45 minutes, followed by molding, immersion in a 4% CaCl2 solution, and drying at 60o C for 18 hours. The casting method was used for producing the bioplastics, and their physicochemical properties were tested using standard methods. Findings reveal that incorporating waste enhances flexibility and biodegradability but diminishes tensile strength and water resistance. FTIR spectra indicate no chemical interaction among the constituents. Scanning electron micrographs demonstrate that waste addition up to 60% yields a uniform bioplastic surface, while at 80%, it leads to fractures. Interestingly, these bioplastics exhibit varied features that offer various applications by considering sustainability and environmental impact in materials development of seaweed-derived biopolymers as alternatives to conventional plastics.
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