Effect of cladding of stellite-6 filler wire on the surface of ss316l alloy through cold metal arc transfer process
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v31i3.1197Keywords:
Cladding, CMT, Stellite-6, SEM-EDAX, Vickers-HardnessAbstract
In this work, Cladding was done on SS316L alloy through the CMT process using Stellite-6 filler wire. 31 experiments were done at different welding conditions as per CCD matrix. The cladding specimens were characterized by macro and micro-study, Vickers microhardness evaluation and corrosion resistance analysis. An optical microscope, SEM-EDAX, and XRD were used to predict the structural characterizations, presence and the distributions of the elements. Based on the study higher voltage & welding speed showed appreciable hardness at the interface & cladding regions. The thickness of the interface was noted at a maximum of 190 μm. The EDS spectra showed that Fe, Cr and Co were the major elements in the clad and interface regions. The Co-rich phase and the low content of element O are found in the low corroded regions on the specimen. The maximum hardness observed at cladding and interface were 378 Hv and 270 Hv respectively.
Downloads
References
H. So, C.T. Chen, and Y.A. Chen, “Wear behaviors of laser-clad stellite alloy 6,” Wear, vol. 192, pp. 78-84, 1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0043-1648(95)06769-8
R. Jendrzejewski, C. Navas, A. Conde, J. J. de Damborenea, and G. Śliwiński “Properties of laser-cladded stellite coatings prepared on preheated chromium steel,” Materials & Design, vol. 29, no. 1, pp 187-192, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2006.10.020
D. Bartkowski, A. Młynarczak, A. Piasecki, B. Dudziak, M. Gościański, and A. Bartkowska “Microstructure, microhardness and corrosion resistance of Stellite-6 coatings reinforced with WC particles using laser cladding,” Optics & Laser Technology, vol. 68, pp. 191-201, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2014.12.005
A. Shahroozi, A. Afsari, B. Khakan, and A.R. Khalifeh “Micro-structure and mechanical properties investigation of Stellite 6 and Stellite 6/TiC coating on ASTM A105 steel produced by TIG welding process,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 350, pp. 648-658, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.07.044
Z. Zhang, F. Kong, and R. Kovacevic “Laser hot-wire cladding of Co-Cr-W metal cored wire,” Optics and Lasers in Engineering, vol. 128, pp 105998, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlaseng.2019.105998
T. Gabriel, D. Rommel, F. Scherm, M. Gorywoda, and U. Glatzel “Laser cladding of ultra-thin nickel-based superalloy sheets,” Materials, vol. 10, pp 279, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030279
K. Wang, H. Wang, G. Zhu, X. Zhu, “Cr13Ni5Si2-based composite coating on copper deposited using pulse laser induction cladding,” Materials, vol. 10, pp 160, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10020160
Y. Wuyan, L. Ruifeng, C. Zhaohui, G. Jiayang, and T. Yingtao,
“A comparative study on microstructure and properties of traditional laser cladding and high-speed laser cladding of Ni45 alloy coatings,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 405, ISSN 0257-8972, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126582
S. K. Selvaraj, K. Srinivasan, J. Deshmukh, D. Agrawal, S. Mungilwar, R. Jagtap, and Y. C. Hu, “Performance comparison of advanced ceramic cladding approaches via solid-state and traditional welding processes, A Review Materials, vol. 13, pp 5805, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13245805
G. P. Rajeev, M. Kamaraj, and S. R. Bakshi “Hardfacing of AISI H13 tool steel with Stellite 21 alloy using cold metal transfer welding process,” Surface & Coatings Technology, vol. 326, no. Part-A, pp. 63-71, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.07.050
A. Gholipour, M. Shamanian, and F. Ashrafizadeh “Micro-structure and wear behavior of Stellite 6 cladding on 17-4 PH stainless steel,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 509, no. 14, pp. 4905-4909, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2010.09.216
G. R. Mirshekari, S. Daee, S. F. Bonabi, M. R. Tavakoli, A. Shafyei, and M. Safaei “Effect of interlayers on the micro-structure and wear resistance of Stellite 6 coatings deposited on AISI 420 stainless steel by GTAW technique,” Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 9, pp. 79-92, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2017.08.005
G. Xu, M. Kutsuna, Z. Liu, and K. Yamada “Comparison between diode laser and TIG cladding of Co-based alloys on the SUS403 stainless steel,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 201, no. 3-4, pp. 1138-1144, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.01.040
T. A. V. Kumaran, S. A. N. J. Reddy, S. Jerome, N. Anbarasan, N. Arivazhagan, M. Manikandan , M. Sathishkumar “Development of pulsed cold metal transfer and gas metal arc welding techniques on high-strength aerospace-grade AA7475-T761,” J. of Materi Eng and Perform, vol. 29, no. 11 pp. 7270-7290, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-05240-8
F. Brownlie, T. Hodgkiess, A. Pearson, and A. M. Galloway, “Effect of nitriding on the corrosive wear performance of a single and double layer Stellite 6 weld cladding,” Wear, vol. 376-377, no. Part B, pp. 1279-1285, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2017.01.006
A. Kusmoko, D. Dunne, and L. Huijun, “Effect of heat input on Stellite 6 coatings on a medium carbon steel substrate by laser cladding,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 2, pp. 1747-1754, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2015.07.010
C. R. C. Lima, M. J. X. Belém, H. D. C. Fals, and C. A. D. Rovere “Wear and corrosion performance of Stellite 6 coatings applied by HVOF spraying and GTAW hotwire cladding,” Journal of Materials Processing Technology, vol. 284, pp. 116734, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2020.116734
D. Féron “Overview of nuclear materials and nuclear corrosion science and engineering.” in Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, Nuclear Corrosion Science and Engineering: Woodhead Publishing, 2012, pp. 31-56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095343.1.31
R. Singh, D. Kumar, S. K. Mishra, and S. K. Tiwari “Laser cladding of Stellite 6 on stainless steel to enhance solid particle erosion and cavitation resistance,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 251, pp. 87-97, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2014.04.008
M. Zhong, W. Liu, K. Yao, J. C. Goussain, C. Mayer, and A. Becker, “Microstructural evolution in high power laser cladding of Stellite 6+WC layers,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 157, no. 2-3, pp. 128-137, 2002. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0257-8972(02)00165-2
F. Brownlie, C. Anene, T. Hodgkiess, A. Pearson, and A. M. Galloway “Comparison of hot wire TIG Stellite 6 weld cladding and lost wax cast Stellite 6 under corrosive wear conditions,” Wear, vol. 404-405, pp. 71-81, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2018.03.004
P. Ganesh, A. Moitra, P. Tiwari, S. Sathyanarayanan, H. Kumar, S. K. Rai, R. Kaul, C. P. Paul, R. C. Prasad, and L. M. Kukreja “Fracture behavior of laser-clad joint of Stellite 21 on AISI 316L stainless steel,” Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol 527, no. 16-17, pp. 3748-3756, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2010.03.017
S. Ramesh, R. Prabu, and E. Natarajan. “Experimental investigation on structure, wear and erosion resistance of SS316 substrate coated with TiC-Al2O3 nano composite by laser cladding,” High Temperature Material Processes, vol. 22(1), pp. 63-71, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1615/HighTempMatProc.2018027036
J. Bayuo, M. A. Abukari, and K. B. Pelig-Ba, “Optimization using central composite design (CCD) of response surface methodology (RSM) for biosorption of hexavalent chromium from aqueous media,” Appl Water Sci, vol. 10, pp. 135, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-020-01213-3
B. Sadhukhan, N. K. Mondal, and S. Chattoraj. “Optimisation using central composite design (CCD) and the desirability function for sorption of methylene blue from aqueous solution onto Lemna major,” Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 145-155, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kijoms.2016.03.005
H. Ahn, “Central composite design for the experiments with replicate runs at factorial and axial points,” in Industrial Engineering, Management Science and Applications, M. Gen, K. Kim, X. Huang, Y. Hiroshi, (eds) 2015. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Springer, vol. 349, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47200-2_101
A. Nair, V. Ramji, R. D. Raj, and R. Veeramani “Laser cladding of Stellite 6 on EN8 steel – A fuzzy modelling approach,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 39, no. Part 1, pp 348-353, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.07.431
F. Madadi, F. Ashrafizadeh, and M. Shamanian “Optimization of pulsed TIG cladding process of stellite alloy on carbon steel using RSM,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 510, no. 1, pp. 71-77, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.08.073
A. Asghar, A. A. A. Raman, and W. M. A. W. Daud, “A comparison of central composite design and taguchi method for optimizing fenton process,” The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 869120, p. 14, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/869120
S. Bhattacharya “Central composite design for response surface methodology and its application in pharmacy” [Online First], IntechOpen, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95835
S. Ramesh, S. B. Boppana, and A. Manjunath, “Corrosion behavior studies and parameter optimization of dissimilar alloys joined by electron beam welding,” Journal of Bio- and Tribo-Corrosion, vol. 6, pp. 73, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40735-020-00372-9
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.