Effect of nano CdO-ZnO content on structural, thermal, optical, mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy composites

Authors

  • Chaitra SRIKANTH Department of Chemical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054 India
  • Gattumane Motappa MADHU Department of Chemical Engineering, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054 India; Centre for Advanced Materials Technology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054 India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3937-7924

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v33i2.1590

Keywords:

CdO-ZnO, epoxy, tensile properties, Flexural properties, compressive properties

Abstract

Cadmium oxide doped zinc oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by solution combustion technique. CdO-ZnO nanoparticles were reinforced into epoxy by ultrasonication technique. CdO-ZnO nano-particles are well known semiconducting materials which are found to exhibit excellent semiconducting behavior even at high frequencies. Hence it was introduced into epoxy to study the semiconducting nature of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites. The polymer composites exhibited interesting phenomenon such as minimum heat losses at high frequencies indicating semi-conducting behaviour of the composites. The polymer composite was also analysed for its structural, thermal, optical and mechanical properties. The enhanced interaction of CdO-ZnO nanoparticles with epoxy has resulted in superior UV-shielding effeciency and mechanical properties. This paper mainly focusses upon the synthesis and development of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites, the design and optimization of CdO-ZnO compositions, the mechanical toughening and failure mechanism, transport mechanism of charge carriers, conductivity relaxation, ionic polarization and prospects of CdO-ZnO/epoxy composites in various fields.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

G. K. Mahadeva Raju, C. Srikanth, G. M. Madhu, D. P. Shankar Reddy, and K. V. Karthik, “Fly ash epoxy composites with superior fire retardant properties,” In Advanced Materials Research, vol. 1172, pp. 83-94, 2022.

B. Wetzel, F. Haupert, and M. Q. Zhang, “Epoxy nanocomposites with high mechanical and tribological performance,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 63, pp. 2055-2067, 2003.

R. Walter, K. Friedrich, V. Privalko, and A. Savadori, “On modulus and fracture toughness of rigid particulate filled high density polyethylene,” The Journal of Adhesion, vol. 64, pp. 87-109, 1997.

M. F. Hochella Jr, “Nanoscience and technology: The next revolution in the Earth sciences,” Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 203 pp. 593-605, 2002.

B. Wetzel, F. Haupert, K. Friedrich, M. Q. Zhang, and M. Z. Rong, “Impact and wear resistance of polymer nanocomposites at low filler content,” Polymer Engineering & Science, vol. 42 pp. 1919-1927, 2002.

R. M. Laine, J. Choi, and I. Lee, “Organic–inorganic nano-composites with completely defined interfacial interactions,” Advanced Materials, vol. 13, pp. 800-803, 2001.

Q. Wang, Q. Xue, W. Shen, and J. Zhang, “The friction and wear properties of nanometer ZrO2‐filled polyether-etherketone,” Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 69, pp. 135-141, 1998.

C. B. Ng, L. S. Schadler, and R. W. Siegel, “Synthesis and mechanical properties of TiO2-epoxy nanocomposites,”

Nanostructured materials, vol. 12, pp. 507-510, 1999.

M. Q. Zhang, M. Z. Rong, S. L. Yu, B. Wetzel, and K. Friedrich, “Improvement of tribological performance of epoxy by the addition of irradiation grafted nano‐inorganic particles,”

Macromolecular materials and engineering, vol. 287, pp. 111-115, 2002.

Q. Wang, Q. Xue, and W. Shen, “The friction and wear properties of nanometre SiO2 filled polyetheretherketone,”

Tribology International, vol. 30, pp. 193-197, 1997.

C. Srikanth, and G.M. Madhu, “Effect of ZTA concentration on structural, thermal, mechanical and dielectric behavior of novel ZTA–PVA nanocomposite films,” SN Applied Sciences,

vol. 2, pp. 1-12, 2020.

Y. Luo, M. Z. Rong, and M. Q. Zhang, “Covalently connecting nanoparticles with epoxy matrix and its effect on the improvement of tribological performance of the composites,”

Polymers and Polymer Composites, vol. 13, pp. 245-252, 2005.

M. Avella, M. E. Errico, S. Martelli, and E. Martuscelli, “Preparation methodologies of polymer matrix nanocomposites,”

Applied organometallic chemistry, vol. 15, pp. 435-439, 2001.

Q. I. Wang, H. Xia, and C. Zhang, “Preparation of polymer/ inorganic nanoparticles composites through ultrasonic irradiation,” Journal of applied polymer science, vol. 80, pp. 1478-1488, 2001.

C. Srikanth, G. M. Madhu, and S. J. Kashyap, “Enhanced structural, thermal, mechanical and electrical properties of nano ZTA/epoxy composites,” AIMS Materials Science, vol. 9, pp. 214-235, 2022.

J. Sanes, F. J. Carrión, and M. D. Bermúdez, “Effect of the addition of room temperature ionic liquid and ZnO nano-particles on the wear and scratch resistance of epoxy resin,” Wear, vol. 268, pp. 1295-1302, 2010.

K. H. Ding, G. L. Wang, and M. Zhang, “Characterization of mechanical properties of epoxy resin reinforced with submicron-sized ZnO prepared via in situ synthesis method,”

Materials & Design, vol. 32, pp. 3986-3991, 2011.

C. Srikanth, G. M. Madhu, H. Bhamidipati, and S. Srinivas “The effect of CdO–ZnO nanoparticles addition on structural, electrical and mechanical properties of PVA films,” AIMS Materials Science, vol. 6, pp. 1107-1123, 2019.

J. S. Sagar, S. J. Kashyap, G. M. Madhu, and P. Dixit, “Investigation of mechanical, thermal and electrical parameters of gel combustion-derived cubic zirconia/epoxy resin composites for high-voltage insulation,” Cerâmica

vol.66, pp.186-196, 2020.

M. W. Ho, C. K. Lam, K. T. Lau, D. H. Ng, and D. Hui, “Mechanical properties of epoxy-based composites using nanoclays,” Composite structures, vol. 75, pp. 415-421, 2006.

Y. Q. Li, S. Y. Fu, and Y. W. Mai “Preparation and characterization of transparent ZnO/epoxy nanocomposites with high-UV shielding efficiency,” Polymer, vol. 47, pp. 2127-2132, 2006.

F. M. Uhl, S. P. Davuluri, S. C. Wong, and D. C. Webster, “Organically modified montmorillonites in UV curable urethane acrylate films,” Polymer, vol. 45, pp. 6175-6187, 2004.

T. A. Nguyen, T. V. Nguyen, H. Thai, and X. Shi, “Effect of nanoparticles on the thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy coatings,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,

vol. 16, pp. 9874-9881, 2016.

M. Baiquni, B. Soegijono, and A. N. Hakim, “Thermal and mechanical properties of hybrid organoclay/rockwool fiber reinforced epoxy composites,” In Journal of Physics: Conference

Series, vol. 1191, pp. 1-6, 2019.

X. Zhang, O. Alloul, Q. He, J. Zhu, M. J. Verde, Y. Li, and Z. Guo, “Strengthened magnetic epoxy nanocomposites with protruding nanoparticles on the graphene nanosheets,” Polymer, vol. 54, pp. 3594-3604, 2013.

S. Sand Chee, and M. Jawaid , The effect of Bi-functionalized MMT on morphology, thermal stability, dynamic mechanical, and tensile properties of epoxy/organoclay nanocomposites,” Polymers, vol.11, pp. 2012, 2019.

D. Bikiaris, “Can nanoparticles really enhance thermal stability of polymers? Part II: An overview on thermal decomposition of polycondensation polymers,” Thermochimica Acta, vol. 523, pp. 25-45, 2011.

Y. Xue, M. Shen, S. Zeng, W. Zhang, L. Hao, L. Yang, and P. Song, “A novel strategy for enhancing the flame resistance, dynamic mechanical and the thermal degradation properties of epoxy nanocomposites,” Materials Research Express, vol. 6, pp. 125003, 2019.

J. E. Katon, and F. F. Bentley (1963) “New spectra-structure correlations of ketones in the 700-750 cm− 1 region,” Spectrochimica

Acta, vol. 19, pp. 639-653, 1963.

D. K. Shukla, S. V. Kasisomayajula, and V. Parameswaran, “Epoxy composites using functionalized alumina platelets as reinforcements,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 68, pp. 3055-3063, 2008.

M. Abbate, E. Martuscelli, P. Musto, G. Ragosta, and G. Scarinzi, “Toughening of a highly cross‐linked epoxy resin by reactive blending with bisphenol A polycarbonate,” Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, vol. 32, pp. 395-408, 1994.

X. Wang, Y. Hu, L. Song, W. Xing, H. Lu, P. Lv, and G. Jie, “Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of epoxy resin composites based on a DOPO substituted organo-phosphorus oligomer,” Polymer, vol. 51, pp. 2435-2445, 2010.

C. L. Wu, M. Q. Zhang, M. Z. Rong, and K. Friedrich, “Tensile performance improvement of low nanoparticles filled-polypropylene composites,” Composites science and technology, vol. 62, pp. 1327-1340, 2002.

M. S. Goyat, S. Rana, S. Halder, and P. K. Ghosh, “Facile fabrication of epoxy-TiO2 nanocomposites: A critical analysis of TiO2 impact on mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms,” Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, vol. 40, pp. 861-873, 2018.

E. Greenhalgh, Failure Analysis and Fractography of Polymer Composites, Woodhead, 2009.

B. B. Johnsen, A. J. Kinloch, and A. C. Taylor, “Toughness of syndiotactic polystyrene/epoxy polymer blends: microstructure and toughening mechanisms,” Polymer, vol. 46, pp. 7352-7369, 2005.

S. Zhao, L. S. Schadler, R. Duncan, H. Hillborg, and T. Auletta, “Mechanisms leading to improved mechanical performance in nanoscale alumina filled epoxy,” Composites Science and Technology, vol. 68, pp. 2965-2975, 2008.

B. B. Johnsen, A. J. Kinloch, R. D. Mohammed, A. C. Taylor, and S. Sprenger, “Toughening mechanisms of nanoparticle-modified epoxy polymers,” Polymer, vol. 48, pp. 530-541, 2007.

A. Kumar, K. Kumar, P. K. Ghosh, and K. L. Yadav, “MWCNT/TiO2 hybrid nano filler toward high-performance epoxy composite,” Ultrasonics sonochemistry, vol. 41, pp. 37-46, 2018.

D. O. Al-Ghamdy, J. K. Wight, and E. Tons, “Flexural toughness of steel fiber reinforced concrete,” Engineering Sciences, vol. 6, pp. 81-97, 1994.

A. Ashamol, V. S. Priyambika , G. S. Avadhani, and R. R. N. Sailaja, “Nanocomposites of crosslinked starch phthalate and silane modified nanoclay: Study of mechanical, thermal, morphological, and biodegradable characteristics,” Starch‐Stärke, vol. 65, pp. 443-452, 2013.

A. Jumahat, C. Soutis, J. Mahmud, and N. Ahmad, “Compressive properties of nanoclay/epoxy nanocomposites,” Procedia Engineering, vol. 41, pp. 1607-1613, 2012.

A. K. Subramaniyan, and C. T. Sun, “Enhancing compressive strength of unidirectional polymeric composites using nanoclay,” Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, vol. 37, pp. 2257-2268, 2006.

M. A. Rahman, and A. A. Hossain, “Electrical transport properties of Mn–Ni–Zn ferrite using complex impedance spectroscopy,” Physica Scripta, vol. 89, pp. 025803, 2014.

J. K. Rao, A. Raizada, D. Ganguly, M. M. Mankad, S. V. Satayanarayana, and G. M. Madhu, “Investigation of structural and electrical properties of novel CuO–PVA nanocomposite films,” Journal of materials science, vol. 50, pp. 7064-7074, 2015.

S. H. Rashmi, A. Soumyashree, S. Shrusti, S. Shivani, D. Aamir, A. A. Kittur, H. K. Sudhina, J. Koteswararao, and G. M. Madhu, “Structural mechanical and electrical property evaluation of nano cadmium oxide polyvinyl alcohol composites,” International Journal of Plastics Technology, vol. 22, pp.41-55, 2018.

Downloads

Published

2023-06-27

How to Cite

[1]
C. SRIKANTH and G. M. . MADHU, “Effect of nano CdO-ZnO content on structural, thermal, optical, mechanical and electrical properties of epoxy composites”, J Met Mater Miner, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 38–52, Jun. 2023.

Issue

Vol. 33 No. 2 (2023): June

Section

Original Research Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2023 Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:

    1. Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.

 

    1. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.