In vitro and vivo biocompatibility and degradability of low-alloyed Mg-Zn-Ca-MgO composite as bone repair biomaterials

Shuquan ZHANG; Jiangtao FENG; Chaokun TANG; Ran PANG; Xinglong  ZHANG; Chenguang  LI; Weihao  ZHANG; Fengxin  ZHOU; Feng  XUE; Shaoyuan  LYU; Minfang  CHEN; Hao  WANG

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v34i1.1910

Authors

Shuquan ZHANG Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Jiangtao FENG Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Chaokun TANG School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
Ran PANG Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Xinglong ZHANG Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Chenguang LI Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Weihao ZHANG Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Fengxin ZHOU Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Feng XUE Department of Orthopedics, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Tianjin, 300100, China; Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, 300100, China
Shaoyuan LYU School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
Minfang CHEN School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Function Materials Education, Tianjin, 300384, China; Key Laboratory of Display Materials and Photoelectric Device (Ministry of Education), Tianjin, 300384, China
Hao WANG Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i1.1910

Keywords:

magnesium alloy, Corrosion, Bone regeneration, Cell-compatibility

Abstract

Magnesium alloys have gained attention as biodegradable bone repair biomaterials. Unlike non-biodegradable materials like titanium and tantalum, biodegradable implants offer advantages in promoting bone healing and minimizing chronic inflammatory reactions. However, the impact of the implant's degradation on the osteogenic environment remains a concern. The Mg-Zn-Ca-MgO composite, being biocompatible and containing osteogenic ions, is a promising candidate. This study assesses the degradability and in vitro/in vivo biocompatibility of two Mg-Zn-Ca-MgO composites with varying degradation rates. The Mg-1Zn-0.2Ca-1.0MgO composite was prepared, and leaching solutions were created following standard protocols. MC3T3-E1 cell cultures were conducted to assess cell toxicity, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, cytoskeleton morphology, and osteogenic protein expression. In vivo biodegradation and bone regeneration capacity were evaluated in rat femoral condyles. Benefiting from the more protective corrosion product layer on the surface, the ultra-fine grained (UFG) composite showed better corrosion resistance and lower Mg²⁺ release than the coarse-grained (CG) composite. UFG material exhibited higher cell viability, cytoskeleton integrity, ALP secretion, and osteogenic protein expression. In vivo, UFG composites led to greater bone regeneration and exhibited excellent biocompatibility. The UFG Mg-Zn-Ca-MgO composite demonstrates enhanced biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and bone regeneration potential. This study highlights the importance of controlling Mg ion release for optimal bone healing in biodegradable materials.

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