Arginine-modified surface coffee grounds activated carbon for Pb\(^{2+}\) adsorption: Kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies

Jarawee  CHUPIROM; Sirikorn  KHAOPHONG; Nopporn  HEMYAKORN; Sonchai  INTACHAI; Panita Kongsune

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v35i1.2148

Authors

Jarawee CHUPIROM Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
Sirikorn KHAOPHONG Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
Nopporn HEMYAKORN Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
Sonchai INTACHAI Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand; Innovative Material Chemistry for Environment Center, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand
Panita Kongsune Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Digital Innovation, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand; Innovative Material Chemistry for Environment Center, Thaksin University, Phattalung, 93210, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v35i1.2148

Keywords:

Lead, Arginine, Adsorption, Desorption, Activated carbon

Abstract

This research focuses on enhancing the value of coffee waste by converting it into activated carbon for removing Pb²⁺ ions from contaminated water. Coffee grounds were activated with KOH and carbonized at 600°C for 4 h to produce activated carbon (CGAC), then modified with arginine via hydrothermal treatment at 120°C for 48 h to create Arg-CGAC. The adsorbents' chemical and physical properties were analyzed using SEM, FT-IR, BET, and pH_pzc methods. Batch experiments revealed that Arg-CGAC exhibited superior Pb²⁺ adsorption (223.10 mg∙g^‒1) compared to CGAC (119.23 mg∙g^‒1) under optimal conditions. Isotherm analysis showed stronger adsorbate-adsorbent interactions and a more endothermic adsorption for Arg-CGAC. Arg-CGAC demonstrated both physisorption and weak chemisorption, while CGAC primarily exhibited physisorption. Increasing temperatures made ΔG° values more negative, indicating more favorable adsorption for Arg-CGAC. Desorption tests showed a 98% yield over four cycles, but efficiency declined after the 7th cycle, stabilizing at 55% to 60%, suggesting good initial performance despite some regeneration limitations.

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