Design, development and characterization of a mid-frequency (35 khz) tonpilz transducer array from 0.675PMN-0.325PT piezoceramics

Merve Nur  ÇİFTÇİ; Berk  DEĞİRMENCİ; Irem  BÖBREK; Sedat  ALKOY; Aykut  AYKAÇ; Muhammet  BOZ; Ayşe  BERKSOY-YAVUZ; Ezgi  YALCIN; Namik K.  GOZUACIK; Ebru  MENŞUR

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v32i1.1249

Authors

Merve Nur ÇİFTÇİ Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Berk DEĞİRMENCİ Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Irem BÖBREK Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Sedat ALKOY Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Aykut AYKAÇ Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Muhammet BOZ Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.
Ayşe BERKSOY-YAVUZ Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ezgi YALCIN Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Namik K. GOZUACIK Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Eng., Gedik University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Ebru MENŞUR Dept. of Materials Sci. & Eng., Gebze Technical University, 41400 Kocaeli, Turkey.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i1.1249

Keywords:

Tonpilz transducer, Piezoelectricity, PMN-PT, FEA

Abstract

A mid-frequency tonpilz transducer array was designed and analyzed by finite element method using commercial ATILA code and constructed using piezoceramic rings with lead magnesium niobate (PMN)-lead titanate (PT) composition. The morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) 0.675Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.325PbTiO₃ composition was chosen to obtain higher performance from the transducer due to the superior dielectric and electromechanical properties of the MPB compositions. A pure perovskite phase was obtained from the ceramics. Piezoelectric charge coefficient (d₃₃) was measured as 435 pC×N^-1. Single tonpilz element and an array consisting of 7-unit array were constructed and later potted in polyurethane for underwater measurements. A second array was also constructed for comparison from commercial hard Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃-PZT ceramics. The longitudinal piston mode vibration frequency of the tonpilz transducer was measured around 33 kHz in air and around 35 kHz in water. The PMN-PT based array was found to have a comparable transmit performance and a superior receive performance compared to PZT.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

C. B. Carter, and M. G. Norton, Ceramic Materials: Science and Engineering, 2a, New York: Springer-Verlag, 2013.

N. Setter, and R. Waser, “Electroceramic materials,” Acta Materialia, vol. 48, pp. 151-178, 2000.

K. Uchino, “Manufacturing methods for piezoelectric ceramic materials,” Advanced Piezoelectric Materials, Elsevier, pp. 385-421, 2017.

S. C. Thompson, R. J. Meyer, and D. C. Markley, “Performance of tonpilz transducers with segmented piezoelectric stacks using materials with high electromechanical coupling coefficient,” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 135, no. 1, pp. 155-164, 2014.

P. Kurt, M. Şansal, İ. Tatar, C. Duran, and S. Orhan, “Vibro-acoustic design, manufacturing, and characterization of a tonpilz- type transducer,” Applied Acoustics, vol. 150, pp. 27-35, 2019.

C. H. Sherman, and J. L. Butler, Transducer and arrays for underwater sound, New York: Springer; 2007.

A. D’Amico, and R. Pittenger, “A brief history of active sonar,” Aquatic Mammals, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 426-434, 2009.

K. H. Brosnan, G. L. Messing, D. C. Markley, and R. J. Meyer, “Comparison of the properties of tonpilz transducers fabricated with ⟨001⟩ fiber-textured lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate ceramic and single crystals,” The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol. 126, no. 5, pp. 2257-2265, 2009.

H. Kim, and Y. Roh, “Design and fabrication of a wideband tonpilz transducer with a void head mass,” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, vol. 239, pp. 137-143, 2016.

R. J. Meyer, T. C. Montgomery, and W. J. Hughes, “Tonpilz transducers designed using single crystal piezoelectrics,” presented at the Oceans 2002 IEEE/MTS, Biloxi, MS, pp. 29-31, 2002.

R. Rouffaud, C. Granger, A-C. Hladky-Hennion, M. P. Thi, and F. Levassort, “Tonpilz underwater acoustic transducer integrating lead-free piezoelectric material,” Physics Procedia, vol. 70, pp. 997-1001, 2015.

S-E. Park, and T. R. Shrout, “Characteristics of relaxor-based piezoelectric single crystals for ultrasonic transducers”, IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 1140-1147, 1997.

S. Pyo, M. S. Afzal, Y. Lim, S. Lee, and Y. Roh, “Design of a wideband tonpilz transducer comprising non-uniform piezo-ceramic stacks with equivalent circuits,” Sensors, vol. 21, p. 2680, 2021.

S. Swartz, and T. Shrout, “Fabrication of perovskite lead magnesium niobate,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 17, no. 10, pp. 1245-1250, 1982.

L. B. Kong, J. Ma, and W. Zhu, “Preparation of PMN powders and ceramics via a high-energy ball milling process,” Journal of Materials Science Letters vol. 20, pp. 1241-1243, 2001.

A. Berksoy-Yavuz, and E. Mensur-Alkoy, “Enhanced soft character of crystallographically textured mn-doped binary 0.675[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-0.325[PbTiO3] Ceramics,” Journal of Electronic Materials, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 6557-6566, 2018.

A. Berksoy-Yavuz, and E. Mensur-Alkoy, “Electrical properties and impedance spectroscopy of crystallographically textured 0.675[Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]-0.325 [PbTiO3] ceramics,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 29, no. 15, pp. 13310-13320, 2018.

M. Y. Kaya, E. Mensur-Alkoy, A. Gurbuz, M. Oner, and S. Alkoy, “Influence of compositional variation on the electrical properties of [Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3]-[Pb(Zr,Ti)O3] ceramics and their transducer application,” IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control, vol. 65, no. 7, pp. 1268-1277, 2018.

A. C. Hladky-Hennion, S. Alkoy, D. Markley, R. E. Newnham, R. Meyer, and W. J. Hughes, “Analysis of transducers arrays from piezoelectric hollow spheres,” Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, vol. 2, pp. 1239-1242, 2002.