Graphene derivatives reinforced metal matrix nanocomposite coatings: A review

Hamed SADABADI; Omid GHADERI; Amir KORDIJAZI; Pradeep K.  ROHATGI

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v32i3.1518

ผู้แต่ง

Hamed SADABADI School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614411, Iran; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee Wisconsin 53211, United States
Omid GHADERI Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee Wisconsin 53211, United States
Amir KORDIJAZI Colleges of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Albany, NY 12203, United States
Pradeep K. ROHATGI Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee Wisconsin 53211, United States

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v32i3.1518

คำสำคัญ:

Graphene, Coatings, Electrodeposition, Nanocomposite, Nanoparticle, Corrosion

บทคัดย่อ

Due to the extraordinary mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), these materials have the potential to become ideal nanofillers in the electrodeposited nanocomposite coatings. This article provides an overview of literature on the improvements of properties associated with graphene, GO, and rGO-reinforced coatings, along with the processing parameters and mechanisms that would lead to these improvements in electrodeposited metal matrix nanocomposite coatings, where those affected the microstructural, mechanical, tribological, and anti-corrosion characteristics of coatings. The challenges associated with the electroplating of nanocomposite coatings are addressed. The results of this survey indicated that adding graphene into the plating bath led to a finer crystalline size in the composite coating due to increasing the potential development of specific crystalline planes and the number of heterogeneous nucleation sites. This consequently caused an improvement in hardness and in tribological properties of the electrodeposited coating. In graphene reinforced metallic composites, the severe adhesive wear mechanism for pure metallic coatings was replaced by abrasive wear and slight adhesive wear, where the formation of a tribolayer at the contact surface increased the wear resistance and decreased friction coefficient. Furthermore, superhydrophobicity and smaller grain size resulted from embedding graphene in the coating. It also provided a smaller cathode/anode surface ratio against localized corrosion, which has been found to be the main anti-corrosion mechanism for graphene/metal coating. Lastly, the study offers a discussion of the areas of research that need further attention to make these high-performance nanocomposite coatings more suitable for industrial applications.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

เอกสารอ้างอิง

D. Abdeen, M. El Hachach, M. Koc, and M. Atieh, “A review on the corrosion behaviour of nanocoatings on metallic substrates,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 2, p. 210, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020210

P. Nguyen-Tri, T. A. Nguyen, P. Carriere, and C. Ngo Xuan, “Nanocomposite coatings: Preparation, characterization, properties, and applications,” International Journal of Corrosion, vol. 2018, pp. 1-19, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4749501

G. Yasin, M. Arif, T. Mehtab, M. Shakeel, M. A. Khan, and W. Q. Khan, “Metallic nanocomposite coatings,” in Corrosion Protection at the Nanoscale, Elsevier, pp. 245-274, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819359-4.00014-3

L. Xu, R. Wang, M. Gen, L. Lu, and G. Han, “Preparation and properties of graphene/nickel composite coating based on textured surface of aluminum alloy,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 12, no. 19, p. 3240, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12193240

A. Bu, J. Wang, J. Zhang, J. Bai, Z. Shi, Q. Lu, and G. ji, “Corrosion behavior of ZrO2–TiO2 nanocomposite thin films coating on stainless steel through sol–gel method,” Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol. 81, no. 3, pp. 633-638, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-016-4225-7

X. Luo, and C. Li, “Large sized cubic BN reinforced nano-composite with improved abrasive wear resistance deposited by cold spray,” Materials and Design., vol. 83, pp. 249-256, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2015.06.009

O. Ali, R. Ahmed, N. H. Faisal, N. M. Alanazi, L.-M Berger, A. Kaiser, F. Toma, E. Polychroniadis, M. Sall, Y.O. Elakwah, and M. F. A Goosen, “Influence of post-treatment on the micro-structural and tribomechanical properties of suspension thermally sprayed WC–12 wt%Co nanocomposite coatings,” Tribology Letters., vol. 65, no. 2, p. 33, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11249-017-0815-y

M. Ramazani, F. Ashrafizadeh, and R. Mozaffarinia, “Optimization of composition in Ni(Al)-Cr2O3 based adaptive nanocomposite coatings,” Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 962-974, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-014-0118-x

C. Kainz, N. Schalk, M. Tkadletz, C. Saringer, M. Winkler, A. Stark, N. Schell, J. Julin, and C. Czttl, “Thermo-physical properties of coatings in the Ti(B,N) system grown by chemical vapor deposition,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 384, p. 125318, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2019.125318

J. A. Stewart, and R. Dingreville, “Microstructure morphology and concentration modulation of nanocomposite thin-films during simulated physical vapor deposition,” Acta Materialia, vol. 188, pp. 181-191, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2020.02.011

A. Sadeghzadeh-attar, G. Ayubikia, and M. Ehteshamzadeh, “Surface & coatings technology improvement in tribological behavior of novel sol-enhanced electroless,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 307, pp. 837-848, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.10.026

P. Makkar, R. C. Agarwala, and V. Agarwala, “Wear and corrosion characteristics of alumina dispersed Ni–P nano-composite coating developed by electroless technique,” Journal Materials Science, vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 2813-2823, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-015-8839-x

F. Z. Bouzit, A. Nemamcha, H. Moumeni, and J. L. Rehspringer, “Morphology and rietveld analysis of nanostructured Co-Ni electrodeposited thin films obtained at different current densities,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 315, pp. 172-180, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.02.028

S. Khorsand, K. Raeissi, F. Ashrafizadeh, M. A. Arenas, and A. Conde, “Corrosion behaviour of super-hydrophobic electro-deposited nickel-cobalt alloy film,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 364, pp. 349-357, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.12.122

X. Zhou, Y. Wang, Z. Liang, and H. Jin, “Electrochemical deposition and nucleation/growth mechanism of Ni-Co-Y2O3 multiple coatings,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 11, no. 7, p. 1124, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11071124

F. Zhang, Z. Yao, O. Moliar, X. Tao, and C. Yang, “Nano-crystalline Ni coating prepared by a novel electrodeposition,” Journal of Alloys and Compound, vol. 830, p. 153785, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.153785

F. Xia, Q. Li, C. Ma, and X. Guo, “Preparation and characterization of Ni – AlN nanocoatings deposited by magnetic field assisted electrodeposition technique,” Ceramics Internaltion, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 2500-2509, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.09.244

M. Musiani, “Electrodeposition of composites: An expanding subject in electrochemical materials science,” Electrochimica Acta, vol. 45, no. 20, pp. 3397-3402, 2000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-4686(00)00438-2

K. K. Maniam, and S. Paul, “Progress in electrodeposition of zinc and zinc nickel alloys using ionic liquids,” Applied Sciences, vol. 10, no. 15, p. 5321, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155321

A. Boukhouiete, and J. Creus, “Nickel deposits obtained by continuous and pulsed electrodeposition processes,” Journal of Materials and Environmenta Science, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1840-1844, 2015.

Y. Li, H. Jiang, L. Pang, B. Wang, and X. Liang, “Novel application of nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposit: Making good diamond tools easily, efficiently and economically,” Surface and Coating Technology, vol. 201, no. 12, pp. 5925-5930, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.10.047

A. Zaaba, E. Rocca, D. Veys-Renaux, R. Aitout, H. Hammache, L. Makhloufi, and K. Bellhamel, “Influence of nettle extract on zinc electrodeposition in an acidic bath: Electrochemical effect and coating morphology,” Hydrometallurgy, vol. 191, p. 105186, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105186

E. Kazimierska, E. Andreoli, and A. R. Barron, “Understanding the effect of carbon nanotube functionalization on copper electrodeposition,” Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, vol. 49, no. 8, pp. 731-741, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-019-01318-x

M. B. Vukmirovic, R. R. Adzic, and R. Akolkar, “Copper electrodeposition from deep eutectic solvents—voltammetric studies providing insights into the role of substrate: platinum vs glassy carbon,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol. 124, no. 26, pp. 5465-5475, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02735

S. Khorsand, K. Raeissi, F. Ashrafizadeh, and M. A. Arenas, “Super-hydrophobic nickel-cobalt alloy coating with micro-nano flower-like structure,” Chemical Engineering Journal, vol. 273, pp. 638-646, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.03.076

I. Kharmachi, L. Dhouibi, P. Berçot, and M. Rezrazi, “Co-deposition of Ni-Co alloys on carbon steel and corrosion resistance,”Journal of Materials and Enivironment Science, vol. 6, no. 7, pp. 1807-1812, 2015.

B. Bakhit, and A. Akbari, “Nanocrystalline Ni-Co alloy coatings: Electrodeposition using horizontal electrodes and corrosion resistance,” Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 285-295, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-012-9437-3

C. Ma, D. Zhao, and Z. Ma, “E ff ects of duty cycle and pulse frequency on microstructures and properties of electrodeposited Ni – Co – SiC nanocoatings,” Ceramics International, vol. 46, no. 8, pp. 12128-12137, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.01.258

B. Bakhit, A. Akbari, F. Nasirpouri, and M. G. Hosseini, “Corrosion resistance of Ni-Co alloy and Ni-Co/SiC nano-composite coatings electrodeposited by sediment codeposition technique,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 307, pp. 351-359, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.037

D. M. K. Abro, P. J. M. R. Dable, V. Amstutz, E. K. Kwa-Koffi, and H. Girault, “Forced electrocodeposition of silica particles into nickel matrix by horizontal impinging Jet Cell,” Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, vol. 05, no. 02, pp. 51-63, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/msce.2017.52006

B. R. Tian, and Y. F. Cheng, “Electrolytic deposition of Ni-Co-Al2O3 composite coating on pipe steel for corrosion/ erosion resistance in oil sand slurry,” Electrochiomica. Acta, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 511-517, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.07.013

H. Sadabadi, A. Aftabtalab, S. Zafarian, S. Shaker, M. Ahmadipour, and K. Venkateswara, “High purity alpha alumina nanoparticle : Synthesis and characterization,” International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Reseach, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1593-1596, 2013.

F. Xia, Q. Li, C. Ma, W. Liu, and Z. Ma, “Preparation and wear properties of Ni / TiN – SiC nanocoatings obtained by pulse current electrodeposition,” Ceramics International., vol. 46, no. 6, pp. 7961-7969, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.12.017

R. Karslioglu, and H. Akbulut, “Comparison microstructure and sliding wear properties of nickel–cobalt/CNT composite coatings by DC, PC and PRC current electrodeposition,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 353, pp. 615-627, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.161

K. S. Novoselov, V. I. Fal’Ko, L. Colombo, P. R. Gellert, M. G. Schwab, and K. Kim, “A roadmap for graphene,” Nature, vol. 490, no. 7419, pp. 192-200, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11458

Y. Zhu, H. Ji, H. M. Cheng, and R. S. Ruoff, “Mass production and industrial applications of graphene materials,” National Science Review, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 90-101, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx055

M. Rezaee, L. C. Tsai, A. Elyasigorji, M. I. Haider, A. Yazdi, and N. P. Salowitz, “Quantification of the mechanical strength of thermally reduced graphene oxide layers on flexible substrates,” Eng. Fract. Mech., vol. 243, p. 107525, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2021.107525

B. Wang, T. Ruan, Y. Chen, F. Jin, L. Peng, Y. Zhou, D. Wang, and S. Dou, “Graphene-based composites for electrochemical energy storage,” Energy Storage Materials, vol. 24, pp. 22–51, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2019.08.004

W. Chen, T. Yang, L. Dong, A. Elmasry, J. Song, N. Deng, A. Elmarakbi, T. Liu, H. B. Lv, and Y. Q. Fu, “Advances in graphene reinforced metal matrix nanocomposites: Mechanisms, processing, modelling, properties and applications,” Nano-technology and Precision Engineering, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 189-210, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npe.2020.12.003

M. Dadkhah, A. Saboori, and P. Fino, “An overview of the recent developments in metal matrix nanocomposites reinforced by graphene,” Mater. (Basel, Switzerland), vol. 12, no. 17, p. 2823, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12172823

M. Khan, M. N. Tahir, F. A. Syed, H. U. Khan, M. R. H. Siddiqui, A. A. Al-Warthan, and W. Tremel, “Graphene based metal and metal oxide nanocomposites: synthesis, properties and their applications,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 3, no. 37, pp. 18753-18808, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TA02240A

J. U. Arikpo, and M. U. Onuu, “Graphene growth and characterization: Advances, present challenges and prospects,” Journal Materials Science Research, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 37, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/jmsr.v8n4p37

Y. Zhu, S. Murali, W. Cai, Z. Li, J. W. Suk, J. R. Potts, and R. S. Ruoff, “Graphene and graphene oxide: Synthesis, properties, and applications,” Advanced Materials, vol. 22, no. 35, pp. 3906-3924, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201001068

T. Dumitrică, “Synthesis, electromechanical characterization, and applications of graphene nanostructures,” Journal of Nanophotonics, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 064501, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JNP.6.064501

A. Adetayo, and D. Runsewe, “Synthesis and fabrication of graphene and graphene oxide: A Review,” Open Journal Composite Materials, vol. 09, no. 02, pp. 207-229, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojcm.2019.92012

C. Lee, X. Wei, J. W. Kysar, and J. Hone, “Measurement of the Elastic properties and intrinsic strength of monolayer graphene,” Science 80, vol. 321, no. 5887, pp. 385-388, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1157996

L. Liu, M. Qing, Y. Wang, and S. Chen, “Defects in graphene: Generation, healing, and their effects on the properties of graphene: A Review,” Journal of Materials Science and Technology., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 599-606, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2014.11.019

J. Björk, F. Hanke, C.-A. Palma, P. Samori, M. Cecchini, and M. Persson, “Adsorption of aromatic and anti-aromatic systems on graphene through π−π Stacking,” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters., vol. 1, no. 23, pp. 3407-3412, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/jz101360k

V. Georgakilas, M Otyepka, A. B. Bourlinos, V. Chandra, N. Kim, K. C. Kemp, P. Hobza, R. Zboril, and K. S. Kim, “Functionalization of graphene: covalent and non-covalent approaches, derivatives and applications,” Chemical Reviews, vol. 112, no. 11, pp. 6156-6214, Nov. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/cr3000412

E. L. Albert, C. A. Che Abdullah, and Y. Shiroshaki, “Synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide functionalized with magnetic nanoparticle via simple emulsion method,” Results in Physics, vol. 11, pp. 944-950, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.10.054

L. Yan, Y. Zheng, F. Zhao, S. Li, X. Gao, B. Xu, P. S. Weiss, and Y. Zhao, “Chemistry and physics of a single atomic layer: Strategies and challenges for functionalization of graphene and graphene-based materials,” Chemical Society Reviews, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 97-114, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15193B

M. F. Craciun, I. Khrapach, M. D. Barnes, and S. Russo, “Properties and applications of chemically functionalized graphene,” Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 25, no. 42, p. 423201, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/25/42/423201

M. A. Bissett, S. Konabe, S. Okada, M. Tsuji, and H. Ago, “Enhanced chemical reactivity of graphene induced by mechanical strain,” ACS Nano, vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 10335-10343, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn404746h

V. Georgakilas, J. N. Tiwari, K. C. Kemp, J. A. Perman, A. B. Bourlinos, K. S. Kim, and R. Zboril, “Noncovalent functionalization of graphene and graphene oxide for energy materials, biosensing, catalytic, and biomedical applications,” Chemical Review, vol. 116, no. 9, pp. 5464-5519, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00620

A. A. Balandin, S. Ghosh, W. Bao, I. Calizo, D. Teweldebrhan, F. Miao, and C. N. Lau, “Superior thermal conductivity of single-layer graphene,” Nano Letters., vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 902-907, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl0731872

A. A. Balandin, “Thermal properties of graphene and nano-structured carbon materials,” Nature Materials, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 569-581, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3064

C. Gómez-Navarro, M. Burghard, and K. Kern, “Elastic properties of chemically derived single graphene sheets,” Nano Letters, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2045-2049, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl801384y

V. Goyal, and A. A. Balandin, “Thermal properties of the hybrid graphene-metal nano-micro-composites: Applications in thermal interface materials,” Applied Physics Letters, vol. 100, no. 7, p. 73113, Feb. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3687173

R. Raccichini, A. Varzi, S. Passerini, and B. Scrosati, “The role of graphene for electrochemical energy storage,” Nature Materials, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 271-279, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat4170

K. S. Novoselov, A. K. Geim, S. V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M. I. Katsnelson, I. V. Grigorieva, S. V. Dubonos, and A. A. Firsov, “Two-dimensional gas of massless Dirac fermions in graphene,” Nature, vol. 438, no. 7065, pp. 197-200, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04233

G. Yasin, S. Ibrahim, S. Ibraheem, S. Ali, R. lqbal, A. Kumar, M. Tabish, Y. Slimani, T. A. Nguyen, H. Zu, and W. Zhao, “Defective/graphitic synergy in a heteroatom-interlinked-triggered metal-free electrocatalyst for high-performance rechargeable zinc–air batteries,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, vol. 9, no. 34, pp. 18222-18230, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA05812F

Z.-S. Wu, W. Ren, L. Xu, F. Li, and H.-M. Cheng, “Doped graphene sheets as anode materials with superhigh rate and large capacity for lithium ion batteries,” ACS Nano, vol. 5, no. 7, pp. 5463-5471, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn2006249

L. Peng, Z. Xu, Z. Liu, Y. Guo, P. Li, and C. Gao, “Ultrahigh thermal conductive yet superflexible graphene films,” Advanced Materials., vol. 29, no. 27, p. 1700589, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201700589

K. S. Kim, Y. Zhao, H. Jang, S. Y. Lee, J. M. Kim, K. S. Kim, J-H Ahn, P. Kim, J-Y Choi, and B. H Hong, “Large-scale pattern growth of graphene films for stretchable transparent electrodes,” Nature, vol. 457, no. 7230, pp. 706-710, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07719

A. Kasry, M. A. Kuroda, G. J. Martyna, G. S. Tulevski, and A. A. Bol, “Chemical doping of large-area stacked graphene films for use as transparent, conducting electrodes,” ACS Nano, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 3839-3844, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn100508g

C. Soldano, A. Mahmood, and E. Dujardin, “Production, properties and potential of graphene,” Carbon N. Y., vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 2127-2150, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.01.058

G. Yasin, M. Arif, J. Ma, S. Ibraheem, D. Yu, L. Zhang, D. Liu, and L Dai, “Self-templating synthesis of heteroatom-doped large-scalable carbon anodes for high-performance lithium-ion batteries,” Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1058-1069, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D1QI01105G

A. Kumar, G. Yasin, V. K. Vashistha, D. K. Das, M. U. Rehman, R. Iqbal, Z. Mo, T. A. Nguyen, Y. Slimani, M. T. Nazir, and W. Zhao, “Enhancing oxygen reduction reaction performance via CNTs/graphene supported iron protoporphyrin IX: A hybrid nanoarchitecture electrocatalyst,” Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 113, p. 108272, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2021.108272

G. Yasin, M. A. Khan, W. Q. Khan, T. Mehtab, R. M. Korai, X. Lu, M. T. Nazir, and M. N. Zahid, “Facile and large-scalable synthesis of low cost hard carbon anode for sodium-ion batteries,” Results in Physics, vol. 14, p. 102404, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102404

A. T. Smith, A. Marie, S. Zeng, B. Liu, and L. Sun, “Nano materials science synthesis , properties , and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nano-composites,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-47, 2019.

D. Prasai, J. C. Tuberquia, R. R. Harl, G. K. Jennings, and K. I. Bolotin, “Graphene: Corrosion-Inhibiting Coating,” ACS Nano, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1102-1108, Feb. 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nn203507y

Y. Huang, J. Liang, and Y. Chen, “The application of graphene based materials for actuators,” Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol. 22, no. 9, pp. 3671-3679, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/c2jm15536b

L. P. Biró, P. Nemes-Incze, and P. Lambin, “Graphene: Nanoscale processing and recent applications,” Nanoscale, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1824-1839, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C1NR11067E

B. L. Dasari, J. M. Nouri, D. Brabazon, and S. Naher, “Graphene and derivatives – Synthesis techniques, properties and their energy applications,” Energy, vol. 140, pp. 766-778, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.048

G. Eda, and M. Chhowalla, “Graphene-based composite thin films for electronics,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 814-818, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/nl8035367

M. S. Xu, Y. Gao, X. Yang, and H. Z. Chen, “Unique synthesis of graphene-based materials for clean energy and biological sensing applications,” Chinese Science Bulletin, vol. 57, no. 23, pp. 3000-3009, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5128-9

D. Zhou, Y. Cui, and B. H. Han, “Graphene-based hybrid materials and their applications in energy storage and conversion,” Chinese Science Bulletin., vol. 57, no. 23, pp. 2983-2994, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5314-9

G. Yasin, M. J. Anjum, M. U. Malik, M. A. Khan, W. Q. Khan, M. Arif, T. Mehtab, T. A. Nguyen, Y. Slimani, M. Tabish, D. Ali, M. Tabish, D. Ali, and Y. Zuo, “Revealing the erosion-corrosion performance of sphere-shaped morphology of nickel matrix nanocomposite strengthened with reduced graphene oxide nanoplatelets,” Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 104, p. 107763, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107763

A. Jabbar, G. Yasin, W. Q. Khan, M. Y. Anwar, R. M Korai, M. N. Nizam, and G. Muhyodin, “Electrochemical deposition of nickel graphene composite coatings: effect of deposition temperature on its surface morphology and corrosion resistance,” RSC Advances, vol. 7, no. 49, pp. 31100-31109, 2017.

C. Liu, K. Wang, S. Luo, Y. Tang, and L. Chen, “Direct electro-deposition of graphene enabling the one-step synthesis of graphene-metal nanocomposite films,” Small, vol. 7, no. 9, pp. 1203-1206, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201002340

M. K. Punith Kumar, S. Ray, and C. Srivastava, “Effect of graphene addition on composition, morphology and corrosion behavior of ZnNiFe-graphene composite coatings,” Diamond and Related Materials, vol. 107, p. 107904, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diamond.2020.107904

J. Su, and J. Teng, “Recent progress in graphene-reinforced aluminum matrix composites,” Frontiers of Materials Science, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 79-97, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11706-021-0541-0

R. Ranjan, and V. Bajpai, “Graphene-based metal matrix nano-composites: Recent development and challenges,” Journal of Composite Material, vol. 55, no. 17, pp. 2369-2413, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998320988566

A. T. Smith, A. M. LaChance, S. Zeng, B. Liu, and L. Sun, “Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/ reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31-47, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004

V. Dhand, K. Y. Rhee, H. Ju Kim, and D. Ho Jung, “A comprehensive review of graphene nanocomposites: research status and trends,” Journal of Nanomaterials, vol. 2013, pp. 1-14, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/763953

K. Ojha, O. Anjaneyulu, and A. K. Ganguli, “Graphene-based hybrid materials : Synthetic approaches and properties,” Current Science, vol. 107, no. 3, pp. 397-418, 2014.

X. Xu, L. Zhu, W. Li, and H. Liu, “Microstructure and deposition mechanism of electrodeposited Cu/liquid microcapsule composite,” Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, vol. 21, no. 10, pp. 2210-2215, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1003-6326(11)60997-7

R. W. O’Brien, and L. R. White, “Electrophoretic mobility of a spherical colloidal particle,” Journal of Chemical Society Faraday Transactions 2 Molecular Chemistry Physical, vol. 74, pp. 1607-1626, 1978. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/f29787401607

H. Sadabadi, S. R. Allahkaram, A. Kordijazi, and P. K. Rohatgi, “Self-healing coatings loaded by nano/microcapsules: A review,” Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surface, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 287-307, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S2070205122020162

D. Cheng, L. Zhang, Y. Zhu, H. Xia, N. Li, W. Song, H. Bai, and H. Ma, “Preparation and properties of electrodeposited ni-b-graphene oxide composite coatings,” Materials, vol. 15, no. 6, p. 2287, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15062287

T. Van Hau, P. Van Trinh, N. P. Hoai Nam, N. Van Tu, V. Dinh Lam, D. Dinh Phuong, P. Ngoc Minh, and B. Hung Thang, “Electrodeposited nickel-graphene nanocomposite coating: Effect of graphene nanoplatelet size on its microstructure and hardness,” RSC Advances, vol. 10, no. 37, pp. 22080-22090, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0RA03776A

D. Kuang, L. Xu, L. Liu, W. Hu, and Y. Wu, “Graphene–nickel composites,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 273, pp. 484-490, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.02.066

C. Liu, F. Su, and J. Liang, “Producing cobalt-graphene composite coating by pulse electrodeposition with excellent wear and corrosion resistance,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 351, pp. 889-896, 2015.

A. Toosinezhad, M. Alinezhadfar, and S. Mahdavi, “Cobalt/ graphene electrodeposits: Characteristics, tribological behavior, and corrosion properties,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 385, p. 125418, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.125418

M. Y. Rekha, and C. Srivastava, “Electrogalvanization using Zn-graphene oxide composite coatings with enhanced corrosion resistance performance,” Journal of Coatings Technology and Research, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 753-760, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-020-00439-9

Z. Bai, and B. Zhang, “Fabrication of superhydrophobic reduced- graphene oxide/nickel coating with mechanical durability, self-cleaning and anticorrosion performance,” Nano Materials Science, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 151-158, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.05.001

Y. Liu, Y. Liu, Q. Zhang, C. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Wu, P. Han, Z. Gao, L. Wang, and X. Wu, “Control of the microstructure and mechanical properties of electrodeposited graphene/Ni composite,” Materials Science Engineering A, vol. 727, no. 6, pp. 133-139, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.04.092

G. Yasin, M. Arif, M. N. Nizam, M. Shakeel, M. A. Khan, W. Q, Khan, T. M. Hassan, Z. Abbas, I. Farahbakhsh, and Y. Zuo, “Effect of surfactant concentration in electrolyte on the fabrication and properties of nickel-graphene nanocomposite coating synthesized by electrochemical co-deposition,” RSC Advances vol. 8, no. 36, pp. 20039-20047, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C7RA13651J

L. Wang, Y. Gao, T. Xu, and Q. Xue, “A comparative study on the tribological behavior of nanocrystalline nickel and cobalt coatings correlated with grain size and phase structure,” Materials Chemisyry and Physics, vol. 99, no. 1, pp. 96-103, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.10.014

Z. Ji, L. Zhang, G. Xie, W. Xu, D. Guo, J. Luo, and B. Prakash, “Mechanical and tribological properties of nanocomposites incorporated with two-dimensional materials,” Friction, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 813-846, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-020-0401-4

Z. Ren, N. Meng, K. Shehzad, Y. Xu, S. Qu, B. Yu, and J. K. Luo, “Mechanical properties of nickel-graphene composites synthesized by electrochemical deposition,” Nanotechnology, vol. 26, no. 6, p. 065706, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/26/6/065706

A. Patil, M. S. Kiran Kumar Yadav Nartu, F. Ozdemir, R. Banerjee, R. K. Gupta, and T. Borkar, “Enhancement of the mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) reinforced nickel matrix nanocomposites,” Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 817, p. 141324, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2021.141324

F. Yazdandoost, A. Yari Boroujeni, and R. Mirzaeifar, “Nano-crystalline nickel-graphene nanoplatelets composite: Superior mechanical properties and mechanics of properties enhancement at the atomistic level,” Physical Review Materials, vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 1-14, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.1.076001

J. Chen, J. Li, D. Xiong, Y. He, Y. Ji, and Y. Qin, “Preparation and tribological behavior of Ni-graphene composite coating under room temperature,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 361, pp. 49-56, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.11.094

N. Chronopoulou, D. Vozios, P. Schinas, and E. A. Pavlatou, “Electrodeposition and characterization of electroplated Ni/ Graphene composite coatings,” Material Today: Processing, vol. 5, no. 14, pp. 27653-27661, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.09.086

T. Wang, R. Zhao, K. Zhan, L. Bao, Y. Zhang, Z. Yang, Y. Yan, B. Zhao, and J. Yang, “Preparation of electro-reduced graphene oxide/copper composite foils with simultaneously enhanced thermal and mechanical properties by DC electro-deposition method,” Materials Science Engineering: A, vol. 805, p. 140574, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2020.140574

M. Uysal, H. Algül, E. Duru, Y. Kahraman, A. Alp, and H. Akbulut, “Tribological properties of Ni–W–TiO2–GO composites produced by ultrasonically–assisted pulse electro co–deposition,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 410, p. 126942, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.126942

H. Algul, M. Tokur, S. Ozcan, M. Uysal, T. Cetinkaya, H. Akbulut, and A. Alp, “The effect of graphene content and sliding speed on the wear mechanism of nickel-graphene nano-composites,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 359, pp. 340-348, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.10.139

A. Jabbar, G. Yasin, W. Q. Khan, M. Y. Anwar, R. M. Korai, M. N. Nizam, and G. Muhyodin, “Electrochemical deposition of nickel graphene composite coatings effect of deposition temperature on its surface morphology and corrosion resistance,” RSC Advances, vol. 7, no. 49. pp. 31100-31109, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C6RA28755G

C. M. P. Kumar, T. V. Venkatesha, and R. Shabadi, “Preparation and corrosion behavior of Ni and Ni-graphene composite coatings,” Materials Research Bulletin, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 1477-1483, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2012.12.064

C. Liu, D. Wei, X. Huang, Y. Mai, L. Zhang, and X. Jie, “Electrodeposition of Co–Ni–P/graphene oxide composite coating with enhanced wear and corrosion resistance,” Journal of Materials Research, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 1726-1733, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2019.15

S. Kumari, A. Panigrahi, S. K. Singh, and S. K. Pradhan, “Corrosion-resistant hydrophobic nanostructured ni-reduced graphene oxide composite coating with improved mechanical properties,” Journal Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 27, no. 11, pp. 5889-5897, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3706-y

M. A. Karimi, F. Banifatemeh, and M. Ranjbar, “Chemical synthesis of graphene oxide and graphene and application of them in corrosion and electronic behavior of Ni–Zn–GO/rGO composite coatings on copper,” Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 1844-1851, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-016-5735-3

L. Liu, M. Zhou, L. Jin, L, Li, Y. Mo, G. Su, X. Li, H. Zhu, and Y. Tian, “Recent advances in friction and lubrication of graphene and other 2D materials: Mechanisms and applications,” Friction, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 199-216, Jun. 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0268-4

Y. Liu, Y. Dong, Y. Zhang, S. Liu, and Y. Bai, “Effect of different preparation processes on tribological properties of graphene,” Nanomaterial and Nanotechnology, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 184798042094665, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1847980420946655

S. Singh, S. Samanta, A. K. Das, and R. R. Sahoo, “Tribological investigation of Ni-graphene oxide composite coating produced by pulsed electrodeposition,” Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 12, pp. 61-70, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2018.05.001

A. Patil, G. Walunj, F. Ozdemir, R. K. Gupta, and T. Borkar, “Tribological behavior of carbon-based nanomaterial-reinforced nickel metal matrix composites,” Materials, vol. 14, no. 13, p. 3536, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133536

A. Toosinezhad, M. Alinezhadfar, and S. Mahdavi, “Tribological behavior of cobalt/graphene composite coatings,” Ceramics International, vol. 46, no. 10, pp. 16886-16894, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.267

Y. J. Mai, M. P. Zhou, H. J. Ling, F. X. Chen, W. Q. Lian, and X. H. Jie, “Surfactant-free electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide/copper composite coatings with enhanced wear resistance,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 433, pp. 232-239, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.014

A. Siddaiah, P. Kumar, A. Henderson, M. Misra, and P. L. Menezes, “Surface Energy and tribology of electrodeposited Ni and Ni–graphene coatings on steel,” Lubricants, vol. 7, no. 10, p. 87, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants7100087

M. J. Nine, M. A. Cole, L. Johnson, D. N. H. Tran, and D. Losic, “Robust superhydrophobic graphene-based composite coatings with self-cleaning and corrosion barrier properties,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, vol. 7, no. 51, pp. 28482-28493, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b09611

M. I. Necolau, and A. M. Pandele, “Recent advances in graphene oxide-based anticorrosive coatings: An overview,” Coatings, vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 1-15, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10121149

K. Ollik, and M. Lieder, “Review of the application of graphene-based coatings as anticorrosion layers,” Coatings, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1-27, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10090883

Z. Chen, L. Dong, D. Yang, and H. Lu, “Superhydrophobic graphene-based materials: Surface construction and functional applications,” Advanced Materials, vol. 25, no. 37, pp. 5352-5359, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201302804

J. Liu, X. Fang, C. Zhu, X. Xing, G. Cui, and Z. Li, “Fabrication of superhydrophobic coatings for corrosion protection by electro-deposition: A comprehensive review,” Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochemical Engineering Aspects, vol. 607, p. 125498, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125498

H. Gao, Y. Liu, G. Wang, S. Li, Z. Han, and L. Ren, “A multifunctional graphene composite coating with switchable wettability,” Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 415, p. 128862, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.128862

S. Khabazian, and S. Sanjabi, “The effect of multi-walled carbon nanotube pretreatments on the electrodeposition of Ni-MWCNTs coatings,” Applied Surface Science, vol. 257, no. 13, pp. 5850-5856, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2011.01.118

C. Liu, F. Su, and J. Liang, “Producing cobalt–graphene composite coating by pulse electrodeposition with excellent wear and corrosion resistance,” Applied Surface Science,, vol. 351, pp. 889-896, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2015.06.018

L. Ji, F. Chen, H. Huang, X. Sun, Y. Yan, and X. Tang, “Preparation of nickel–graphene composites by jet electro-deposition and the influence of graphene oxide concentration on the morphologies and properties,” Surface Coatings Technology, vol. 351, pp. 212-219, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.07.083

D. Zhang, X. Cui, G. Jin, Y. Jiao, and D. Li, “Preparation, deposited behavior and hydrophobic property of modified graphene oxide reinforced Ni composite coatings by magnetic field assisted electro-brush plating,” Surface and Coatings Technology, vol. 403, p. 126363, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126363

M. P. Kamil, M. J. Kim, and Y. G. Ko, “Direct electro-co-deposition of Ni-reduced graphene oxide composite coating for anti-corrosion application,” Materials Letters, vol. 273, p. 127911, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2020.127911

G. Yasin, M. A. Khun, M. Arif, M. Shakeel, T. M. Hassan, W. Q. Khan, R. M. Korai, Z. Abbas, and Y. Zuo, “Synthesis of spheres-like Ni/graphene nanocomposite as an efficient anti-corrosive coating; effect of graphene content on its morphology and mechanical properties,” Journal of Alloys Compounds, vol. 755, pp. 79-88, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2018.04.321

S. Ding, T. Xiang, C. Li, S. Zheng, J. Wang, M. Zhand, C. Dong, and W. Chan, “Fabrication of self-cleaning super-hydrophobic nickel/graphene hybrid film with improved corrosion resistance on mild steel,” Materials and Design, vol. 117, pp. 280-288, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.12.084

X. Yu, “Influence of pulse parameters on the morphology and corrosion resistance of nickel-graphene composite coating,” Internation Journal Electrochemical Science, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 4754-4768, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20964/2019.05.48

J. Jiang, C. Feng, W. Qian, L. Zhu, S. Han, and H. Lin, “Effect of graphene oxide nanosheets and ultrasonic electrodeposition technique on Ni–Mo/graphene oxide composite coatings,” Materials Chemistry and Physics, vol. 199, pp. 239-248, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.07.010

A. Aliyu, and C. Srivastava, “Microstructure and electrochemical properties of FeNiCoCu medium entropy alloy-graphene oxide composite coatings,” Journal of Alloys and Compound, vol. 864, p. 158851, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.158851

S. Moshgi Asl, A. Afshar, and Y. Yaghoubinezhad, “An electrochemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/zinc nanocomposite coating through pulse-potential electro-deposition technique and the consequent corrosion resistance,” International Journal Corrosion, vol. 2018, pp. 1-13, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3028693

M. Tabish, M. U. Malik, M. A. Khan, G. Yasin, H. M. Asif, M. J. Anjum, W. Q. Khan, S. Ibraheem, T. A. Nguyen, Y. Slimani, and M. T. Nazir, “Construction of NiCo/graphene nano-composite coating with bulges-like morphology for enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance performance,” Journal of Alloys and Compounds, vol. 867, p. 159138, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.159138

K. S. Jyotheender, and C. Srivastava, “Ni-graphene oxide composite coatings: Optimum graphene oxide for enhanced corrosion resistance,” Composited Part B: Engineering, vol. 175, p. 107145, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107145

A. Gajewska-Midziałek, “Composite coatings with nickel matrix and graphene as dispersed phase,” Polish Journal Chemical Technology, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 54-59, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/pjct-2018-0008

G. Yasin, M. Arif, M. Shakeel, Y. D. Zuo, W. Q. Khan, Y. Tang, A. Khan, and M. Nadeem,“Exploring the nickel-graphene nanocomposite coatings for superior corrosion resistance: manipulating the effect of deposition current density on its morphology, mechanical properties, and erosion-corrosion performance,” Advance Engineering Materials, vol. 20, no. 7, p. 1701166, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adem.201701166

R. Berlia, M. K. Punith Kumar, and C. Srivastava, “Electro-chemical behavior of Sn–graphene composite coating,” RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 87, pp. 71413-71418, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA11207A

M. K. Punith Kumar, M. P. Singh, and C. Srivastava, “Electro-chemical behavior of Zn–graphene composite coatings,” RSC Advances, vol. 5, no. 32, pp. 25603-25608, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA02898A

B. Szeptycka, A. Gajewska-Midzialek, and T. Babul, “Electro-deposition and corrosion resistance of Ni-graphene composite coatings,” Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, vol. 25, no. 8, pp. 3134-3138, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-016-2009-4

S. A. Hosseini Khorasani, and S. Sanjabi, “High corrosion resistance Ni-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite coating,” Corrosion Reviews, vol. 34, no. 5-6, pp. 305-312, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2016-0039

S. Zhu, Y. Tian, X. Zhang, S. Zhang, and J. Ren, “Study on surface properties of electrodeposited graphene platelet (GPL)- cobalt (Co)-nickel (Ni) composite coating,” ECS Journal Solid State Science and Technology, vol. 9, no. 4, p. 041001, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/ab8394