Adhesive wear characteristics of mono and hybrid CF/Ep composite with nano-HAP filler
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v34i3.2040คำสำคัญ:
Hybrid composites, Taguchi technique, Hydroxyapatite, Carbon fiber, Epoxy, Two-body adhesive wearบทคัดย่อ
Composites materials with more than two reinforcing materials are called hybrid composites. Tailoring the composites by hybridizing fillers, fibers and matrix will yield better properties compared to mono-composites. Hence, an effort has been made in the current research work to develop carbon fiber epoxy hybrid nanocomposites, comprising different weight percentage of Hydroxyapatite (HAP) to evaluate the potential effects on tribological properties using two body sliding wear method. Taguchi technique (L27 array) has been adopted to investigate the impact of parameters such as filler inclusion (0%, 1.5%, and 3%), load (30, 45, and 60 N), sliding velocity (1, 2, and 3 m·s‒1) and distance (1000, 2000, and 3000 m·s‒1) on wear loss of developed composite. It was observed that the combination of 1.5 wt% HAP composite showed the lowest Ks and the COF. The combination of 1.5 wt% HAP filler, 1 m·s‒1 sliding velocity, 45 N load and 3000 m sliding distance exhibited the lower Ks and COF of 0.44652 × 10‒14 (m3·Nm‒1) and 0.136 respectively. The significance of the parameters was assessed using analysis of variance, revealing that the filler's contribution significantly impacted wear resistance. Developed mathematical model using Regression analysis and the predicted values from K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) have showed good agreement with experimental values. Micrograph images were captured to analyze the wear mechanisms evident on worn surfaces, revealing failure mechanisms such as extensive matrix damage, fiber exposure resulting from matrix removal, and fiber breakage.
Downloads
เอกสารอ้างอิง
G Gubin, Hand book of composites, Van Nastra, Reinhold Co., New York, 1982. ISBN 0-442-24897-0.
D. Hull, and T. W. Clyne, An Introduction to Composite Materials, Cambridge University Press, Second Edition,1996, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139170130
G. S. Suresha, G. Divya, H. M. Hemanth, and Somashekar. " Physico-mechanical properties of nano silica-filled epoxy-based mono and hybrid composites for structural applications”, Silicon, vol. 13, pp. 2319-2335, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-020-00812-8
I. O. Oladele, T. F. Omotosho, and A. A. Adediran, “Review article - polymer-based composites: An indispensable material for present and future applications”, Hindawi, International Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2020, Article ID 8834518, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8834518
T.-D. Ngo, “Introduction to composite materials”, Composite and Nanocomposite Materials - From Knowledge to Industrial Applications, Intech Open, Jul. 15, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91285
D. Carollan, A. J. Kinloch, AIvankovic, S. Sprenger, and A. C. Taylor, “Mechanical and fracture performance of carbon fiber reinforced composites with nanoparticle modified matrices”, Procedia Structural Integrity, vol. 2, pp. 96-103, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prostr.2016.06.013
M. E. Islam, T. H. Mahdi, M. V. Hosur, and S. Jeelani, “Characterization of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites modified with nanoclay and carbon nanotubes”, Proceedia Engineering, vol. 105, pp. 821-828, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.05.078
F-h Su, Z-Zhu Zhang, and W-min Liu, “Mechanical and tribological properties of carbon fabric composites filled with several nano-particulates”, Wear, vol. 260, pp. 861-868, 2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2005.04.015
A. Sayam, A. N. M. M. Rahman, M. S. Rahman, S. A. Smriti, F. Ahmed, M. F. Rabbi, M. Hossain, and M. O. Faruque, “A review on carbon fiber-reinforced hierarchical composites: Mechanical performance, manufacturing process, structural applications and allied challenges”, Carbon Letter. vol 32, no. 5, pp. 1173-205, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00358-2
H. Dhieb, J. G. Buijnsters, F. Eddoumy, L. Vázquez, and J. P. Celis, “Surface and sub-surface degradation of unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites under dry and wet reciprocating sliding”, Composites: Part A, vol. 55, pp. 53-62, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.08.006
B. Suresha, G. Chandramohan, P. Samapthkumaran, Siddaramaiah, and S. Seetharamu, “Three-body abrasive wear behaviour of carbon and glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites”, Materials Science and Engineering A, vol. 443 , pp. 285-291, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.016
P. H. C. Camargo, K. G. Satyanarayana, and F. Wypych, “Nanocomposites: Synthesis, structure, properties and new application opportunities”, Materials Research, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 1-39, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-14392009000100002
E. Roussi, A. Tsetsekou, D. Tsiourvas, and A. Karantonis, “Novel hybrid organo-silicate corrosion resistant coatings based on dendritic polymers”, Surface and Coating Technology, vol. 205, no. 10, pp. 3235-3244, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.11.037
B. Wetzela, F. Hauperta, and M. Q.Zhang, “Epoxy nano-composites with high mechanical and tribological performance”, Composites Science and Technology, vol. 63, no.14, pp. 2055-2067, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00115-5
A. L. Crăciun, C. Pinca-Bretotean, C. Birtok-Băneasă, and A. Josan, “Composites materials for friction and braking application”, IOP Conference. Series: Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 200, pp. 1-10, 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/200/1/012009
D. Bazrgari, F. Moztarzadeh, A. A. Sabbagh-Alvani, M. Rasoulianboroujeni, M. Tahriri, and L Tayebi, “Mechanical properties and tribological performance of Epoxy/Al2O3 nano-composite”, Ceramics International, vol. 44, no.1, pp. 1220-1224, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.10.068
G. Teng, Y. Zhang, C. Li, Y. Wang, Q. An, B. Liu, Z. Said, and S. Sharma. "Grindability of carbon fiber reinforced polymer using CNT biological lubricant", Scientific reports, 11, no. 1, pp. 1-14, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02071-y
K. Srinivas, and M. S. Bhagyashekar, “Wear behaviour of epoxy hybrid particulate composites”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 97, pp. 488- 494, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.273
G. S. Divya, R. Keshavamurthy, C. Siddaraju, and K. V. S. Murthy, “Investigation on sliding wear properties of nano metallic particle reinforced hybrid composites through design of experiments and ANN”, Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series D, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40033-023-00594-4
A. B. Rashid, M. Haque, S. M. M. Islam, and K. M. R. U. Labib,"Nanotechnology-enhanced fiber-reinforced polymer composites: Recent advancements on processing techniques and applications", Heliyon, vol. 10, no. 2, p. e24692, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24692
G. S. Divya, and B. Suresha, “Impact of nano-silicon dioxide on mechanical properties of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites,” Materials Today, vol. 46, pp. 8999-9003, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.05.377
C. I. Idumah, and C. M. Obele,"Understanding interfacial influence on properties of polymer nanocomposites", Surfaces and Interfaces, vol. 22, p. 100879, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100879
S.-Y. Fu, X.-Q. Feng, B. Lauke, and Y-W Mai, "Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesion and particle loading on mechanical properties of particulate–polymer composites", Composites Part B: Engineering, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 933-961, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.002
K. Gajanan, and S. N. Tijare, "Applications of nanomaterials", Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 1093-1096, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.187
M. M. El-Kady, I. Ansari, C. Arora, N. Rai, S. Soni, D. K. Verma, P. Singh, and A. E. D. Mahmoud, "Nanomaterials: A comprehensive review of applications, toxicity, impact, and fate to environment", Journal of Molecular Liquids, vol. 370, p. 121046, 2023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121046
G. S. Divya, and B. Suresha, “Role of metallic nanofillers on mechanical and tribological behaviour of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites,” Materials Science Applied, vol. 09, no. 09, pp. 740-750, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/msa.2018.99054
G. S. Divya, and B. Suresha, “Metallic nanofillers effect in assessing the abrasive wear performance of carbon fabric reinforced epoxy composites,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5085621
S. J. Shiao, W. S. Fu, C. L. Tuo, and U. I. Cheng, “Polymer‐based self‐lubricating material”, Journal of Applied Polymer Science, vol. 80, no. 9, pp. 1514-1519, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1242
G. S. Divya, B. Suresha, H. M. Somashekar, and I. M. Jamadar, “Dynamic mechanical analysis and optimization of hybrid carbon-epoxy composites wear using Taguchi method,” Tribology in Industry, vol. 43, no. 2, pp. 298-309, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24874/ti.931.07.20.11
ASTM G99-17, Standard Test Method for Wear Testing with a Pin-on-Disk Apparatus, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017.
B. E. Naveena, R. Keshavamurthy, and N. Sekhar, “Slurry erosive wear behaviour of plasma sprayed fly ash-Al2O3 coatings.” Surface Engineering, Taylor & Francis, Edition, ISSN: 0267-0844(Print) 1743-2944 (Online), 2017. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2017.1288341
B. E. Naveena, R. Keshavamurthy, and N. Sekhar, “Comparative study on effects of slurry erosive parameters on plasma sprayed flyash-Al2O3 and flyash SiC composite coatings on Al6061 alloy,” International Journal Computational Materials Science and Surface Engineering, vol. 8, no. 1, pp.57-75, 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCMSSE.2019.10023209
B. E. Naveena, R. Keshavamurthy, and B. H. Channabasappa, Studies on paramietric optimization for plasma sprayed fly ash Al2O3 composite coatings,” Applied Mechanics and Materials, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, vol, 813-814, pp. 511-515, 2015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.813-814.511
B. E. Naveena, and R. Keshavamurthy, “Optimization of process parameters for thermally sprayed composite coatings using Taguchi’s technique”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, Research India Publications, vol. 10, no. 55, pp. 3897-3900, 2015.
S. Deshpande, and T. Rangaswamy, “Sliding wear characteristics of bone powder filled hybrid fiber reinforced epoxy composites”, IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE), vol. 13, no.1, pp. 68-78, 2016.
V. N. Aderikha, and A. P. Krasnov, “Solid lubricants, polymer-based self-lubricating materials”, Encyclopedia of Tribology, Springer, Boston, MA, 2016, pp. 3186-3193. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_1232
N. Mohan, C. R. Mahesha, Shivarudraiah, N. Rajesh Mathivanan, and B. Shivamurthy, “Dry sliding wear behaviour of Ta/NbC filled glass-epoxy composites at elevated temperatures”, Procedia Engineering, vol. 64, pp. 1166-1172, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.09.195
S. Basavarajappa, K. Ellangovan, and V. Arun, “Studies on dry sliding wear behaviour of Graphite filled glass–epoxy composites”, Materials & Design, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 2670-2675, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.10.013
P. Déprez, P. Hivart, J. F. Coutouly, and E. Debarre, “Friction and wear studies using taguchi method: application to the characterization of carbon-silicon carbide tribological couples of automotive water pump seals”, Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2009, Article ID 830476, pp. 1-10, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/830476
L. Dong, G. Geng, and M. Zhou, “Design of auto text categorization classifier based on boosting algorithm,” Computer Applications, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 384-386, 2007.
M. S. Hasan, A. Kordijazi, P. K. Rohatgi, and M. Nosonovsky, “Triboinformatics approach for friction and wear prediction of Al-Graphite composites using machine learning methods”, Journal of Tribology, vol. 144, no. 1, p. 011701, 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050525
A. Sharma, P. Madhushri, V. Kushvaha, and A. Kumar, “Prediction of the fracture toughness of silicafilled epoxy composites using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method”, 2020 International Conference on Computational Performance Evaluation (ComPE), pp. 194-198, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ComPE49325.2020.9200093
ดาวน์โหลด
เผยแพร่แล้ว
วิธีการอ้างอิง
ฉบับ
บท
Categories
การอนุญาต
ลิขสิทธิ์ (c) 2024 วารสารโลหะ, วัสดุ และแร่
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
