Zinc oxide functionalized biochar from rambutan wood as a novel material to utilize an agricultural waste in Thailand

Suchinda VONGSETSKUL VONGSETSKUL; Waraporn THEPTHONG; Supawan KANYAWILAS; Narong CHANLEK; Ratana CHAROENWATTANASATIEN; Wutthikrai BUSAYAPORN; Thammasit VONGSETSKUL

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v36i2.2410

ผู้แต่ง

Suchinda VONGSETSKUL VONGSETSKUL Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Moo 11, Nong Lalok, Ban Khai, Rayong, Thailand 21120
Waraporn THEPTHONG Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Moo 11, Nong Lalok, Ban Khai, Rayong, Thailand 21120
Supawan KANYAWILAS Faculty of Science, Energy and Environment, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok (Rayong Campus), Moo 11, Nong Lalok, Ban Khai, Rayong, Thailand 21120
Narong CHANLEK Synchrotron Light Research Institute, SirinthonWitchothai Building, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand 30000
Ratana CHAROENWATTANASATIEN Synchrotron Light Research Institute, SirinthonWitchothai Building, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand 30000
Wutthikrai BUSAYAPORN Synchrotron Light Research Institute, SirinthonWitchothai Building, University Avenue, Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand 30000
Thammasit VONGSETSKUL Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, Thailand 10400

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v36i2.2410

คำสำคัญ:

Agricultural waste, Biochar, Composite, Rambutan wood, Zinc oxide

บทคัดย่อ

Zinc oxide-functionalized biochar (biochar-ZnO) from rambutan wood, an agricultural waste, was prepared to increase a value of biochar from rambutan, an important economic fruit crop in Thailand, for the first time. Biochar-ZnO was synthesized by a sol-gel process. X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra suggest that the biochar consists of amorphous carbon mainly and confirm the success of zinc oxide functionalization on the biochar surface. The crystal structure of zinc oxide is hexagonal Wurtzite. The diameter of zinc oxide particles is ~20 nm. Thermogravimetric (TGA) thermograms indicate the success of biochar-ZnO preparation. A weight percentage of zinc oxide in the composite is ~20. Their Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirm, again, the success of ZnO functionalization on the biochar surface and indicate both carboxylic and hydroxyl groups on the biochar and biochar-ZnO surface. The iodine numbers of the biochar and biochar-ZnO are 570 and 555 mg∙g^‒1, respectively. These numbers suggest that the biochar without an activation has a surface area that is comparable to that of activated carbon. Also, a decrease in the iodine numbers after the sol-gel process suggest a coverage of zinc oxide particles on the biochar surface. Lastly, biochar-ZnO is a promising material to be used for further applications such as a filler in rubber industry, an important industry in Thailand.

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