Effects of delay time and curing temperature on compressive strength and porosity of ground bottom ash geopolymer mortar

Nattapong MAKARATAT; Sumrerng RUKZON; Prinya CHINDAPRASIRT

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v31i3.1186

Authors

Nattapong MAKARATAT Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand
Sumrerng RUKZON Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rajamangala University of Technology Rattanakosin Thailand
Prinya CHINDAPRASIRT Sustainable Infrastructure Research and Development Center, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v31i3.1186

Keywords:

Bottom ash, Geopolymer material, No-delay and delay times of curing, Heat curing, Porosity, Compressive strength

Abstract

This research investigated development of ground bottom ash (GBA) for a new geopolymer material. The compressive strength and porosity of the geopolymer mortar containing GBA were tested. The GBA-based geopolymer mortar mixtures were designed by control liquid to GBA ratio for all tests. Extra water was also used to maintain the workability of geopolymer mortar. The sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations of 10 M and 15 M were used. Furthermore, sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) to sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ratios by mass such as 0.50, 1.50 and 2.50 were also used as alkali activator solutions. Effects of delay time and no-delay time, heat curing as well as the concentrations of NaOH and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratios on compressive strength and porosity of the GBA geopolymer mortar were investigated. It was found that the increasing of NaOH concentration and Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio reduce the workability of GBA geopolymer mortar. The high concentration of NaOH at 15 Molar gave the compressive strength at 1 day higher than that of GBA geopolymer mortar with low NaOH of 10 M. Furthermore, the GBA geopolymer mortar with high Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio at 2.5 gave the highest compressive strength. 15 M-2.5 Si/Na mortar with delay time before heat curing at 75℃ gave the highest compressive strength of 23.0 MPa at 1 day. Moreover, the porosity of GBA geopolymer mortar was related to its compressive strength. The GBA binder is a new geopolymer material with good properties for concrete work.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

S. Rukzon, and P. Chindaprasirt, “Strength, chloride penetration and corrosion resistance of ternary blends of Portland cement self-compacting concrete containing bagasse ash and rice husk-bark ash,” Chiang Mai Journal of Science, vol. 45(4), pp. 1863-1874, 2018.

P. Chindaprasirt, C. Chotetanorm, and S. Rukzon, “Use of palm oil fuel ash to improve chloride and corrosion resistance of high-strength and high-workability concrete,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 23(4), pp. 499-503, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000187

S. Rukzon, and P. Chindaprasirt, “Utilization of bagasse ash in high-strength concrete,” Materials and Design, vol. 34, pp. 45-50, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2011.07.045

P. Chindaprasirt, S. Rukzon, and V. Sirivivatnanon, “Resistance to chloride penetration of blended Portland cement mortar containing palm oil fuel ash, rice husk ash, and fly ash,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 22(5), pp. 932-938, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.12.001

S. Rukzon, and P. Chindaprasirt, “Strength, porosity, and chloride resistance of mortar using combination of two kinds of the pozzolanic materials,” International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials, vol. 20(8), pp. 808-814, 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-013-0800-x

S. Rukzon, and P. Chindaprasirt, “Use of ternary blend of Portland cement and two pozzolans to improve durability of high-strength concrete,” KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, vol. 18(6), pp. 1745-1752, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-014-0461-y

ASTM C618, “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolan for use as a mineral admixture in concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standard,” vol. 04.02, 2005.

A.M. Neville, “Properties of concrete,” 4th and Final Edition, Malaysia: Longman Group Limited, 1995.

P. Chindaprasirt, S. Homwuttiwong, and C. Jaturapitakkul, “Strength and water permeability of concrete containing palm oil fuel ash and rice husk-bark ash,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21(7), pp. 1492-1499, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.06.015

W. Chalee, M. Teekavanit, K. Kiattikomol, A. Siripanichgorn, and C. Jaturapitakkul, “Effect of w/c ratio on covering depth of fly ash concrete in marine environment,” Construction and Building Materials, vol. 21(5), pp. 965-971, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.03.002

P.K. Mehta, “Global concrete industry sustainability,” Concrete International, vol. 31(2), pp. 45-48, 2009.

N. Makaratat, C. Jaturapitakkul, C. Namarak, and V. Sata, “Effects of binder and CaCl2 contents on the strength of calcium carbide residue-fly ash concrete,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 33(3), pp. 436-443, 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.12.004

C. Jaturapitakkul, K. Kiattikomol, V. Sata, and T. Leekeeratikul, “Use of ground coarse fly ash as a replacement of condensed silica fume in producing high-strength concrete,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 34(4), pp. 549-555, 2004. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(03)00150-9

K. Kiattikomol, C. Jaturapitakkul, S. Songpiriyakij, and S. Chutubtim, “Study of ground coarse fly ashes with different fineness from various sources as pozzolanic materials,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 23(4-5), pp. 335-343, 2001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(01)00016-6

C. Jaturapitakkul, and R. Cheerarot, “Development of bottom ash as pozzolanic material,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 15(1), pp. 48-53, 2003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(2003)15:1(48)

S. Prasanphan, A. Wannagon, T. Kobayashi, and S. Jiemsirilers, “Microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of calcined kaolin processing waste-based geopolymers in the presence of different alkali activator content by pressing and casting,” Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals, vol. 30(3), pp. 121-132, 2020.

P. Chindaprasirt, T. Chareerat, and V. Sirivivatnanon, “Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash

geopolymer mortar,” Cement and Concrete Composites, vol. 29(3), pp. 224-229, 2007. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2006.11.002

Bakharev T., “Geopolymeric materials prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing,” Cement and Concrete Research, vol. 35(6), pp. 1224-1232. 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.06.031

J. Davidovits, and C. James, “Chemistry of geopolymeric systems terminology in geopolymer ’99,” International Conference, France, vol. 1(1), pp. 9-40, 1999.

S. Rukzon and P. Chindaprasirt, “Strength and porosity of bagasse ash-based geopolymer mortar,” Journal of Applied Sciences, vol. 14(6), pp. 586-591, 2014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.586.591

ASTM C230, “Standard specification for sample and testing fly ash or natural pozzolans for use as a mineral admixture in Portland cement, Annual Book of ASTM Standard,” vol. 04.01, 2005.

ASTM C109, “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2–in or [50 mm] cube specimens), Annual Book of ASTM Standards,” vol. 04.01, 2005.

ASTM C642, “Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete, Annual Book of ASTM Standards,” vol. 04.02, 2005.

A. Sathonsaopark, P. Chindaprasirt, and K. Pimraksa, “Work-ability and strength of lignite bottom ash geopolymer mortar,” Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 168(1), pp. 44-50, 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.01.120