Tin oxide nanoparticle extraction from waste solder dross via low-temperature hydrometallurgical process

Tanongsak YINGNAKORN; Sirunya SOMLA; Thanapon CHANDAKHIAW; Ethan CHEUNG; Sakhob KHUMKOA

doi:10.55713/jmmm.v35i2.2185

Authors

Tanongsak YINGNAKORN School of Metallurgical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4313-3898
Sirunya SOMLA School of Metallurgical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Thanapon CHANDAKHIAW School of Metallurgical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
Ethan CHEUNG School of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, United Kingdom https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7720-1377
Sakhob KHUMKOA School of Metallurgical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-342X

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55713/jmmm.v35i2.2185

Keywords:

SnO2, Nanoparticles, Tin oxide nanoparticles, Solder dross, Hydrometallurgy

Abstract

This study proposes a hydrometallurgical approach to valorising industrial waste by producing SnO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) from waste solder dross obtained by skimming off of tin solder baths from electronic dipping processes. The process involves leaching the dross with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and hydrogen peroxide, followed by precipitation with ammonium hydroxide and purification with aqueous nitric acid solution. The optimised leaching conditions were determined to be 4 mol∙ L^‒1 HCl, 11% v/v H₂O₂, 25℃, and a leaching time of 15 min. SnO₂ NPs were successfully precipitated at pH 4 using 25% v/v NH₄OH and purified with 1 mol∙ L^‒1 HNO₃. The whole process was able to recover nearly 100% of tin from waste solder dross as SnO₂ NPs, with a high purity of 99.5% and a particle size distribution of ca. 2 nm to 7 nm. The overall material balance and the simple cost of the process were evaluated to provide an idea of the economic viability and the possibility of scaling up the method detailed in this work.

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Author Biography

Sakhob KHUMKOA, School of Metallurgical Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand

School of Metallurgical Engineering,

Institute of Engineering,

Suranaree University of Technology,

Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

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